How it works
It enhances the effect of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), a calming neurotransmitter in the brain, leading to sedative, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), muscle-relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. It has a relatively rapid onset and is metabolized without many active metabolites that prolong effects excessively, though next-day drowsiness can still occur.
Common uses
Short-term insomnia (typically limited to 2–4 weeks due to dependence risk).
Sometimes off-label for anxiety or as a premedication.
Key warnings: Like other benzodiazepines, it carries a high risk of tolerance, dependence, withdrawal symptoms (including rebound insomnia), and abuse potential. Common side effects include daytime drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, muscle weakness, and impaired coordination. Avoid alcohol, opioids, or other CNS depressants due to risk of severe respiratory depression. It is a prescription-only controlled substance across Europe.






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